Artprice100©: the art market’s blue-chip artists yield nearly as much as the top performing companies in the American economy…

thierry Ehrmann, Artprice’s founder/CEO, highlights the art market’s excellent performance in H1 2019: “A collector who, at the start of this year, invested in the 100 most successful artists of the last five years (2014-2018), would already be looking at a value accretion of almost a sixth in the value of his/her portfolio.”

The Artprice100 © index gained +16% over the first half of 2019 while the S&P 500 added +18% over the same period. The similarity in the performances between the American financial markets and a portfolio of works by the world’s top performing artists (defined in a purely objective manner) proves the undeniable attractiveness of the Art Market as an alternative investment.

Artprice100© versus S&P 500 since 2000

 

[https://imgpublic.artprice.com/img/wp/sites/11/2019/07/artprice100-july-2019.png]

Fewer transactions

The performance of the Artprice100© over the first half of 2019 was driven by exceptionally strong demand, barely satisfied by supply. The supply/demand imbalance, generated a rapid increase in value, particularly on works by the 100top performing artists on the global secondary art market.

The turnover slowdown recorded in H1 2019 by major auction houses, including Sotheby’s (-9%) and Christie’s (-28%), reflects a less dynamic high-end market than in previous years. However, prices have shown no signs of fatigue and the contraction in the volume of sales is a reminder that the art market is directly dependent on the number of works in circulation.

In a financial context of sustained negative or near–zero refinancing rates, some collectors are probably preferring to hold certain artworks and not cash in on investments that remain highly competitive. Moreover, the persistence of extremely high transaction costs, both in galleries and in auction rooms, is discouraging short holding periods (under five years), and tempting some collectors to consider private transactions as an alternative.

The Artprice100© index driven by Warhol, Zao Wou-Ki and Wu Guanzhong

Heavily weighted in our Artprice100© index with 9.1% of the portfolio, Pablo Picasso has not contributed to its value accretion for several years. As we have seen over the last four years, his prices contracted -2% in the first half of 2019.

However, Andy Warhol, Fu Baoshi, Zao Wou-Ki and particularly Wu Guanzhong have all clearly enjoyed value accretion, providing the main thrust for the progression of our Artprice100© index in H1 2019. Without setting any new auction records, these artists have all enjoyed strong price inflation. The sale of major works by these artists will no doubt confirm the trend.

On 2 June last, a large drawing by Wu Guanzhong entitled Lion grove garden (1988) fetched $20.8 million at China Guardian. It was previously acquired for $17.8 million on 3 June 2011 at Poly Beijing. Adding 17% over the last eight years, the drawing generated, in financial terms, an average annual return of +1.9%. However, another Guanzhong resale suggests that the bulk of the value accretion on his works has occurred in the last 6 months: an important Guanzhong work entitled Two Swallows was purchased for $7.1 million on 3 June 2011 (at the same sale as Lion grove garden) and fetched $7.8 million in December 2018, an increase of just +9.8%.

Paul Cézanne and George Condo

Investments in Modern artists carry the least risk and demand for their work is continuing to grow steadily offering attractive returns over the long term. Claude Monet and Paul Signac have both signed new auction records this year. Similarly, 2019 is already proving to be a superb year (the best since 2000) for Paul Cézanne. His painting Bouilloire et fruits (c. 1888-90), acquired for $29.5 million in 1999, fetched $59.3 million on 13 May 2019 at Christie’s New York, generating an average annual ROI of 3.6% over 20 years.

At the other end of the spectrum, Contemporary artists offer striking returns in the medium and short term. The most spectacular entry into the composition of the Artprice100© index this year is undoubtedly George Condo. The American artist enjoyed a massive secondary market success in 2018with 78 paintings and 34 drawings selling for more than $63 million, and on three continents (America, Europe and Asia)! The Condo phenomenon has been clearly illustrated by a number of rapid resales of small works including Soft Green Abstraction (1983), which was purchased for $17,000 in April 2017 in Munich and resold a year later in New York for $46,000.

In total, there were seven changes this year in the composition of the Artprice 100© index.

In	Out
George Condo	Huang Binhong
Giorgio Morandi	Huang Zhou
Robert Motherwell	Anish Kapoor
Jean Paul Riopelle	Li Keran
Rufino Tamayo	Xu Beihong
Frank Auerbach	Pieter Brueghel II
Hans Arp	Giorgio de Chirico

Four women… and two Old Masters

Unfortunately, we see no change regarding female artists. This year again, only four of the artists in the Artprice100© are women: Yayoi Kusama (Japan), Joan Mitchell (US), Louise Bourgeois (France) and Barbara Hepworth (UK). Yayoi Kusama now represents 1.3% of the index compared with 0.9% last year. Her price index rose 20% in H1 2019.

The relegation of Pieter Brueghel II for reasons relating to market liquidity has exacerbated the rarity of Old Masters in the index. Numerically, the composition of the index is dominated by Modern artists, numbering 49, followed by Post-War artists (29), Contemporary artists (12), 19th century artists (8) and lastly… Old Masters (only 2).

Composition of Artprice100© index for H1 2019

Artist Share Period

1 Pablo PICASSO (1881-1973) 9.1% Modern

2 Andy WARHOL (1928-1987) 6.4% Post-War

3 Claude MONET (1840-1926) 4.5% 19th Century

4 QI Baishi (1864-1957) 3.9% Modern

5 Jean-Michel BASQUIAT (1960-1988) 3.7% Contemporary

6 Gerhard RICHTER (b. 1932) 3.3% Post-War

7 ZAO Wou-Ki (1921-2013) 2.9% Post-War

8 FU Baoshi (1904-1965) 2.5% Modern

9 Alberto GIACOMETTI (1901-1966) 2.4% Modern

10 Amedeo MODIGLIANI (1884-1920) 2.2% Modern

11 Cy TWOMBLY (1928-2011) 2.2% Post-War

12 WU Guanzhong (1919-2010) 2.1% Modern

13 Roy LICHTENSTEIN (1923-1997) 2.0% Post-War

14 Lucio FONTANA (1899-1968) 1.9% Modern

15 Alexander CALDER (1898-1976) 1.8% Modern

16 Marc CHAGALL (1887-1985) 1.8% Modern

17 Joan MIRO (1893-1983) 1.7% Modern

18 Willem DE KOONING (1904-1997) 1.7% Modern

19 Henri MATISSE (1869-1954) 1.5% Modern

20 Fernand LÉGER (1881-1955) 1.4% Modern

21 Christopher WOOL (b. 1955) 1.4% Contemporary

22 Yayoi KUSAMA (b. 1929) 1.3% Post-War

23 Jean DUBUFFET (1901-1985) 1.3% Modern

24 René MAGRITTE (1898-1967) 1.2% Modern

25 Peter DOIG (b. 1959) 1.2% Contemporary

26 Wassily KANDINSKY (1866-1944) 1.2% Modern

27 Jeff KOONS (b. 1955) 1.2% Contemporary

28 David HOCKNEY (b. 1937) 1.1% Post-War

29 Henry MOORE (1898-1986) 1.0% Modern

30 LIN Fengmian (1900-1991) 0.9% Modern

31 CHU Teh-Chun (1920-2014) 0.9% Post-War

32 Paul GAUGUIN (1848-1903) 0.9% 19th Century

33 Pierre-Auguste RENOIR (1841-1919) 0.8% 19th Century

34 SAN Yu (1895-1966) 0.8% Modern

35 Richard PRINCE (b. 1949) 0.8% Contemporary

36 Sigmar POLKE (1941-2010) 0.7% Post-War

37 Joan MITCHELL (1926-1992) 0.7% Post-War

38 PU Ru (1896-1963) 0.7% Modern

39 Auguste RODIN (1840-1917) 0.7% 19th Century

40 Edgar DEGAS (1834-1917) 0.7% 19th Century

41 Paul CÉZANNE (1839-1906) 0.7% 19th Century

42 Yves KLEIN (1928-1962) 0.6% Post-War

43 Camille PISSARRO (1830-1903) 0.6% 19th Century

44 Richard DIEBENKORN (1922-1993) 0.6% Post-War

45 Ed RUSCHA (b. 1937) 0.6% Post-War

46 Keith HARING (1958-1990) 0.5% Contemporary

47 Martin KIPPENBERGER (1953-1997) 0.5% Contemporary

48 Louise BOURGEOIS (1911-2010) 0.5% Modern

49 Alberto BURRI (1915-1995) 0.5% Modern

50 Frank STELLA (b. 1936) 0.5% Post-War

51 Damien HIRST (b. 1965) 0.4% Contemporary

52 Egon SCHIELE (1890-1918) 0.4% Modern

53 Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER (1880-1938) 0.4% Modern

54 Georges BRAQUE (1882-1963) 0.4% Modern

55 Georg BASELITZ (b. 1938) 0.4% Post-War

56 Pierre SOULAGES (b. 1919) 0.4% Modern

57 Juan GRIS (1887-1927) 0.4% Modern

58 Salvador DALI (1904-1989) 0.4% Modern

59 Edvard MUNCH (1863-1944) 0.4% Modern

60 Paul SIGNAC (1863-1935) 0.4% Modern

61 DONG Qichang (1555-1636) 0.4% Old Master

62 Fernando BOTERO (b. 1932) 0.4% Post-War

63 WEN Zhengming (1470-1559) 0.4% Old Master

64 George CONDO (b. 1957) 0.4% Contemporary

65 Sam FRANCIS (1923-1994) 0.4% Post-War

66 Alighiero BOETTI (1940-1994) 0.4% Post-War

67 Bernard BUFFET (1928-1999) 0.4% Post-War

68 Max ERNST (1891-1976) 0.4% Modern

69 Robert RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008) 0.4% Post-War

70 CHEN Yifei (1946-2005) 0.3% Contemporary

71 Maurice DE VLAMINCK (1876-1958) 0.3% Modern

72 Barbara HEPWORTH (1903-1975) 0.3% Modern

73 Pierre BONNARD (1867-1947) 0.3% Modern

74 Donald JUDD (1928-1994) 0.3% Post-War

75 Max BECKMANN (1884-1950) 0.3% Modern

76 Tsuguharu FOUJITA (1886-1968) 0.3% Modern

77 Alfred SISLEY (1839-1899) 0.3% 19th Century

78 Laurence Stephen LOWRY (1887-1976) 0.3% Modern

79 Morton Wayne THIEBAUD (b. 1920) 0.3% Post-War

80 Nicolas de STAËL (1914-1955) 0.3% Modern

81 Enrico CASTELLANI (1930-2017) 0.3% Post-War

82 Anselm KIEFER (b. 1945) 0.3% Contemporary

83 Michelangelo PISTOLETTO (b. 1933) 0.3% Post-War

84 GUAN Liang (1900-1986) 0.3% Modern

85 Kees VAN DONGEN (1877-1968) 0.3% Modern

86 Francis PICABIA (1879-1953) 0.3% Modern

87 Piero MANZONI (1933-1963) 0.3% Post-War

88 Tom WESSELMANN (1931-2004) 0.3% Post-War

89 Giorgio MORANDI (1890-1964) 0.3% Modern

90 Günther UECKER (b. 1930) 0.2% Post-War

91 Josef ALBERS (1888-1976) 0.2% Modern

92 Robert MOTHERWELL (1915-1991) 0.2% Modern

93 Rufino TAMAYO (1899-1991) 0.2% Modern

94 Hans ARP (1886-1966) 0.2% Modern

95 Emil NOLDE (1867-1956) 0.2% Modern

96 Paul KLEE (1879-1940) 0.2% Modern

97 Jean-Paul RIOPELLE (1923-2002) 0.2% Post-War

98 Alexej VON JAWLENSKY (1864-1941) 0.2% Modern

99 Albert OEHLEN (b. 1954) 0.2% Contemporary

100 Frank AUERBACH (b. 1931) 0.2% Post-War

Copyright ©2019 thierry Ehrmann – www.artprice.com – www.artmarket.com

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Artprice is the global leader in art price and art index databanks. It has over 30 million indices and auction results covering more than 700,000 artists. Artprice Images® gives unlimited access to the largest Art Market resource in the world: a library of 126 million images or prints of artworks from the year 1700 to the present day, along with comments by Artprice’s art historians.

Artprice permanently enriches its databanks with information from 6,300 auctioneers and it publishes a constant flow of art market trends for the world’s principal news agencies and approximately 7,200 international press publications.

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“Artron Art Group (Artron), a comprehensive cultural industrial group founded in 1993 by Wan jie, is committed to inheriting, enhancing and spreading art value. Based on abundant art data, Artron provides art industry and art fans with professional service and experience of quality products by integrated application of IT, advanced digital science and innovative crafts and materials.

Having produced more than 60,000 books and auction catalogues, Artron is the world’s largest art book printer with a total print volume of 300 million a year. It has more than 3 million professional members in the arts sector and an average of 15 million daily visits, making it the world’s leading art website.”

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Publicité

Artprice launches its “blue-chip” Art Market index, Artprice100®, designed for financiers and investors

Artprice’s Global Index® shows an average value increase for artworks of +30% since the index was started 20 years ago. Although this is an appreciable performance particularly at a time when central banks’ interest rates are close to zero in the United States (FED) and negative in Europe (ECB), if we focus uniquely on the most stable segment of the market, we find a much more impressive value accretion.

Thierry Ehrmann, founder and CEO of Artprice, said “Artprice’s econometrics department has created a new index that ignores the most volatile artists (those most subject to the price impact of fashion and speculation) and focuses exclusively on the art market’s “blue-chip” artists. This new index, Artprice100®, shows that art is an extremely competitive financial investment over the longer term.”

Artprice’s new Artprice100® scientific index is subject to IPR protection and represents a major new weapon in Artprice’s commercial arsenal as World Leader in Art Market Information.

PRINCIPLE

The objective of Artprice’s new Artprice100® index is to monitor and quantify the art market’s value accretion by focusing on its most stable elements. This new scientific index is a new tool in Artprice’s panoply of proprietary decision-support tools. In effect, the Artprice100® index represents an unavoidable new benchmark in a financial world constantly searching for new investment opportunities in efficient markets.

The creation of the Artprice100® index is a response to a recurring demand from Artprice’s financial and banking institution customers, particularly in the Private Banking segment, who need a reliable and durable benchmark that does not require specialist knowledge of the Art Market from its user.

With the Artprice100®, the Art Market – universally considered an alternative to traditional financial investments – now has a benchmark comparable to the world’s major stock indices like the S&P 500, the FTSE 100, the CAC 40, the DAX and the NIKKEI 225. It is composed using the same general principles for the construction of these indices: it focuses on the Art Market’s fundamental artists and takes into account their relative weight and importance.

COMPOSITION

The composition of the Artprice100® is adjusted by a scientific committee every 1st January to reflect the evolution of the Art Market. The index essentially identifies the 100 top-performing artists at auction over the previous five years who satisfy a key liquidity criterion (at least ten works of comparable quality sold each year). The weight of each artist is proportional to his/her annual auction turnover over the relevant period.

Thus, starting from 1 January 2000 – the Artprice100®’s reference year – an investment is made on the 100 artists whose auction results are the most regular (constant) and the highest (in turnover terms) during the previous five years (i.e. 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999). The relative weight of each of the 100 artists is detailed in Appendix 1.

The composition of the index does not change during the year. Therefore, the overall value of the Artprice100® evolves according to the individual average performances of each artist in the portfolio, adjusted according to his or her weight within the portfolio.

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES

In 2000, the value of the Artprice100® increased by 10.9%. Thus, for an initial investment of $100, the value of this portfolio already reached $110.9 by the end of 2000.

The contribution of each artist to this result provides additional information. For example, in 2000, the artist Pablo Picasso had a 16% weighting in the portfolio. During that year, his auction performance contracted by 9%. Therefore, the initial $16 invested in Pablo Picasso (16% of $100) was valued, at 31 December 2000, at $14.6.

Fortunately, the portfolio’s diversification helped offset Pablo Picasso’s negative performance in 2000. So, for example, that year saw strong positive performances for Robert Rauschenberg (+59%), Antoni Tapies (+48%), René Magritte (+18%), allowing the Artprice100® index to post a quite remarkable performance for the portfolio as a whole.

Over the long term, the performance of the Artprice100® largely exceeds that of Artprice’s Global Index and of the US stock market, as represented by the S&P 500.

The Artprice100® index
Base 100 at 1 January 2000

 

INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCES

The Artprice100® index provides essential information since its very composition reflects the progressive evolution of the Art market. The artists included each year in the Top 100 are the market’s most important artists, weighted for their average performances over the previous five years.

This purely objective criterion allows identification of the most stable segment of the Art Market with a built-in evolution mechanism (annual adjustment). In fact, the new index relies on a huge mass of market information (Artprice’s Big Data) and eliminates possible blind spots that might escape the Index’s Scientific Council by analysing repeat sales and auction results from all over the planet. With its intranet connecting it with more than 6,300 Auction Houses, Artprice is the only organisation in the world that can process this data and produce an index based on a highly complex series of calculations.

The composition of the Artprice100® for the years 2000 and 2017 is provided in the Appendices. From 2016 to 2017, four artists joined the index and four left (as with stock indices):

Joiners (incoming): Agnes Martin, Francis Picabia, Barbara Hepworth, Michelangelo Pistoletto
Leavers (outgoing): Giorgio De Chirico, Alexej von Jawlensky, Paul Klee, Cindy Sherman

This gradual transformation of the 100 artists within the Artprice100® is striking over the long term. For example, in 2000, there was only one Chinese artist in this list (Zhang Daqian) compared with 18 in 2017.

CONCLUSION

Over 18 years, the Artprice100® grew by 360%, generating an average annual return of 8.9%. This revolutionary approach to investment in the Art Market allows the financial and investment community to apprehend the Art Market via the art of “index management”, a possibility that was hitherto non-existent. This average annual return of 8.9% represents the profitability of the art market’s most stable segment.

It proves once again that a relatively well-diversified art portfolio, constructed on the basis of a simple and non-aggressive acquisition strategy, has a genuine economic raison d’être, quite apart from the non-pecuniary benefits of collecting art.

Over the last 20 years, the art market has massively increased in liquidity and has grown to now be widely appreciated as a genuinely efficient market to which Artprice – as world leader – has substantially contributed.

Via its contacts in the financial sphere, Artprice aims to get its Artprice100® index and derivative products rapidly included in the standard financial newsflow packages used in trading rooms around the world.

Appendix 1
Composition of the Artprice100® in 2000
Rank – Artist – Weight

1 – Pablo PICASSO – 16.1%
2 – Claude MONET – 7.8%
3 – Paul CÉZANNE – 5.3%
4 – Pierre-Auguste RENOIR – 4.7%
5 – Edgar DEGAS – 3.9%
6 – Henri MATISSE – 2.9%
7 – Marc CHAGALL – 2.8%
8 – Amedeo MODIGLIANI – 2.8%
9 – Andy WARHOL – 2.2%
10 – Joan MIRO – 2.0%
11 – Camille PISSARRO – 1.7%
12 – Fernand LÉGER – 1.7%
13 – René MAGRITTE – 1.6%
14 – Henry MOORE – 1.4%
15 – Alberto GIACOMETTI – 1.3%
16 – Auguste RODIN – 1.2%
17 – Georges BRAQUE – 1.1%
18 – Pierre BONNARD – 1.1%
19 – Jean DUBUFFET – 1.1%
20 – Kees VAN DONGEN – 1.0%
21 – Paul GAUGUIN – 1.0%
22 – Jasper JOHNS – 1.0%
23 – Wassily KANDINSKY – 1.0%
24 – Paul KLEE – 0.9%
25 – Alexander CALDER – 0.9%
26 – Alfred James MUNNINGS – 0.9%
27 – Alfred SISLEY – 0.9%
28 – Maurice DE VLAMINCK – 0.9%
29 – Gerhard RICHTER – 0.8%
30 – Édouard VUILLARD – 0.8%
31 – Willem DE KOONING – 0.8%
32 – Jean-Michel BASQUIAT – 0.8%
33 – Emil NOLDE – 0.8%
34 – Roy LICHTENSTEIN – 0.8%
35 – Giorgio MORANDI – 0.8%
36 – Egon SCHIELE – 0.7%
37 – Pieter II BRUEGHEL – 0.7%
38 – Salvador DALI – 0.7%
39 – Lucio FONTANA – 0.7%
40 – Juan GRIS – 0.6%
41 – Giorgio DE CHIRICO – 0.6%
42 – Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER – 0.6%
43 – Maurice UTRILLO – 0.6%
44 – Raoul DUFY – 0.6%
45 – Eugène BOUDIN – 0.6%
46 – Camille Jean-Baptiste COROT – 0.5%
47 – Paul SIGNAC – 0.5%
48 – Edvard MUNCH – 0.5%
49 – Francis BACON – 0.5%
50 – Rufino TAMAYO – 0.5%
51 – Alexej VON JAWLENSKY – 0.5%
52 – Cy TWOMBLY – 0.4%
53 – Wifredo LAM – 0.4%
54 – Diego GIACOMETTI – 0.4%
55 – Laurence Stephen LOWRY – 0.4%
56 – Piet MONDRIAAN – 0.4%
57 – Marino MARINI – 0.4%
58 – Jack Butler YEATS – 0.4%
59 – Max ERNST – 0.4%
60 – Odilon REDON – 0.4%
61 – Albert MARQUET – 0.4%
62 – Georges ROUAULT – 0.4%
63 – Franz MARC – 0.4%
64 – Sam FRANCIS – 0.3%
65 – Fernando BOTERO – 0.3%
66 – Robert RAUSCHENBERG – 0.3%
67 – Richard DIEBENKORN – 0.3%
68 – Hermann Max PECHSTEIN – 0.3%
69 – Bernard BUFFET – 0.3%
70 – Henri-Théodore FANTIN-LATOUR – 0.3%
71 – Diego RIVERA – 0.3%
72 – Roberto MATTA – 0.3%
73 – Karel APPEL – 0.3%
74 – Georg BASELITZ – 0.3%
75 – Frank STELLA – 0.3%
76 – Serge POLIAKOFF – 0.3%
77 – Moïse KISLING – 0.3%
78 – MAN RAY – 0.3%
79 – Yves KLEIN – 0.3%
80 – ZHANG Daqian – 0.3%
81 – Asger JORN – 0.3%
82 – Gino SEVERINI – 0.3%
83 – John LAVERY – 0.3%
84 – Anders Leonard ZORN – 0.2%
85 – Aristide MAILLOL – 0.2%
86 – Lyonel FEININGER – 0.2%
87 – Erich HECKEL – 0.2%
88 – Max BECKMANN – 0.2%
89 – Sigmar POLKE – 0.2%
90 – Marie LAURENCIN – 0.2%
91 – Henri MARTIN – 0.2%
92 – Henri LE SIDANER – 0.2%
93 – Otto DIX – 0.2%
94 – Louis VALTAT – 0.2%
95 – Gustave LOISEAU – 0.2%
96 – Antoni TAPIES – 0.2%
97 – Jean FAUTRIER – 0.2%
98 – Adrien Jean LE MAYEUR DE MERPRES – 0.2%
99 – Massimo CAMPIGLI – 0.2%
100 – David HOCKNEY – 0.2%

Appendix 2
Composition of the Artprice100® in 2017

Rank – Artist – Weight

1 – Pablo PICASSO – 6.8%
2 – Andy WARHOL – 6.8%
3 – ZHANG Daqian – 4.4%
4 – QI Baishi – 3.8%
5 – Gerhard RICHTER – 3.7%
6 – Claude MONET – 3.4%
7 – Francis BACON – 3.3%
8 – Jean-Michel BASQUIAT – 2.9%
9 – Roy LICHTENSTEIN – 2.2%
10 – Alberto GIACOMETTI – 2.1%
11 – FU Baoshi – 2.0%
12 – Cy TWOMBLY – 1.9%
13 – ZAO Wou-Ki – 1.8%
14 – Amedeo MODIGLIANI – 1.8%
15 – XU Beihong – 1.8%
16 – Alexander CALDER – 1.8%
17 – LI Keran – 1.8%
18 – Lucio FONTANA – 1.7%
19 – Joan MIRO – 1.7%
20 – WU Guanzhong – 1.7%
21 – Willem DE KOONING – 1.6%
22 – HUANG Zhou – 1.5%
23 – Marc CHAGALL – 1.4%
24 – HUANG Binhong – 1.3%
25 – LU Yanshao – 1.3%
26 – Jeff KOONS – 1.3%
27 – Christopher WOOL – 1.2%
28 – LIN Fengmian – 1.0%
29 – CHU Teh-Chun – 1.0%
30 – Yves KLEIN – 0.9%
31 – Henri MATISSE – 0.9%
32 – Fernand LÉGER – 0.9%
33 – René MAGRITTE – 0.9%
34 – Henry MOORE – 0.9%
35 – Jean DUBUFFET – 0.9%
36 – Wassily KANDINSKY – 0.8%
37 – PAN Tianshou – 0.8%
38 – Edvard MUNCH – 0.8%
39 – Pierre-Auguste RENOIR – 0.8%
40 – Paul CÉZANNE – 0.7%
41 – SAN Yu – 0.7%
42 – Yayoi KUSAMA – 0.7%
43 – Peter DOIG – 0.6%
44 – PU Ru – 0.6%
45 – Edgar DEGAS – 0.6%
46 – Auguste RODIN – 0.6%
47 – Richard PRINCE – 0.6%
48 – Joan MITCHELL – 0.6%
49 – Sigmar POLKE – 0.5%
50 – Camille PISSARRO – 0.5%
51 – Paul GAUGUIN – 0.5%
52 – Salvador DALI – 0.5%
53 – Martin KIPPENBERGER – 0.4%
54 – Ed RUSCHA – 0.4%
55 – DONG Qichang – 0.4%
56 – Paul SIGNAC – 0.4%
57 – Piet MONDRIAAN – 0.4%
58 – Egon SCHIELE – 0.4%
59 – Alberto BURRI – 0.4%
60 – Richard DIEBENKORN – 0.4%
61 – Georges BRAQUE – 0.4%
62 – Juan GRIS – 0.4%
63 – WEN Zhengming – 0.4%
64 – Damien HIRST – 0.4%
65 – Pieter II BRUEGHEL – 0.4%
66 – Donald JUDD – 0.3%
67 – Louise BOURGEOIS – 0.3%
68 – Keith HARING – 0.3%
69 – Piero MANZONI – 0.3%
70 – Alfred SISLEY – 0.3%
71 – David HOCKNEY – 0.3%
72 – Max ERNST – 0.3%
73 – CHEN Yifei – 0.3%
74 – Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER – 0.3%
75 – Frank STELLA – 0.3%
76 – Sam FRANCIS – 0.3%
77 – Pierre BONNARD – 0.3%
78 – Alighiero BOETTI – 0.3%
79 – Kees VAN DONGEN – 0.3%
80 – Jasper JOHNS – 0.3%
81 – Pierre SOULAGES – 0.3%
82 – Bernard BUFFET – 0.3%
83 – Fernando BOTERO – 0.3%
84 – Laurence Stephen LOWRY – 0.3%
85 – Agnes MARTIN – 0.3%
86 – Enrico CASTELLANI – 0.3%
87 – Robert RAUSCHENBERG – 0.3%
88 – Morton Wayne THIEBAUD – 0.3%
89 – Nicolas DE STAËL – 0.3%
90 – Francis PICABIA – 0.2%
91 – Barbara HEPWORTH – 0.2%
92 – Anselm KIEFER – 0.2%
93 – GUAN Liang – 0.2%
94 – YU Fei’an – 0.2%
95 – Emil NOLDE – 0.2%
96 – Maurice DE VLAMINCK – 0.2%
97 – Georg BASELITZ – 0.2%
98 – Tom WESSELMANN – 0.2%
99 – Anish KAPOOR – 0.2%
100 – Michelangelo PISTOLETTO – 0.2%

 

Copyright 1987-2018 thierry Ehrmann

About Artprice:

Artprice celebrates its 20th birthday, editorial by thierry Ehrmann, founder and CEO of Artprice. https://www.actusnews.com/fr/ARTPRICE/cp/2017/10/04/artprice-celebrates-its-20th-birthday-editorial-by-thierry-ehrmann-founder-and-ceo-of-artprice

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The text presented hereafter is a translation of Arte Creative’s online presentation: ARTE: A gigantic Christmas tree in the guise of a butt plug, a machine that defecates five-star meals, an icon immersed in urine and staged corpses – subversive, trash, provocative or insulting? Thierry Ehrmann, the man behind The Abode of Chaos dixit « The New York Times », an artist and the founder of Artprice, is the mouthpiece for scandal and discloses the workings of the most striking controversies in contemporary art. And scandal sells. 9 episodes are online: http://www.arte.tv/guide/en/weekly-highlight

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The Abode of Chaos/Demeure du Chaos Contemporary Art Museum by thierry Ehrmann,author, sculptor, artist, photograph https://www.flickr.com/photos/home_of_chaos/sets/72157

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